Babies know how to feed and they know when they need to feed, and they give clear signals to let their carers know their needs – these are called Feeding Cues. These cues or signals progressively intensify as baby’s need to be fed increases. Early cues include stirring from sleep and stretching, opening the mouth and licking lips. The baby may progress to turning his head, increasing his physical movements, and putting his hands to his mouth. Baby may mouth around, seeking the breast. Late cues include agitated body movements, crying and becoming upset and red in the face. If baby becomes upset and cries you need to CALM baby down before you commence a breastfeed. Attaching a crying baby to the breast will result in a poor latch and potentially injure mother’s nipple – no fun for anyone! Calm baby down by cuddling, putting baby skin to skin on Mum’s chest, talking gently to baby and stroking his head or back. A clean finger placed in baby’s mouth, resting gently on the tongue will coax baby to suck the finger and calm down. The important message here is – respond to your baby’s EARLY cues as soon as possible after you see them.  Regardless of whether you baby is being breastfed or bottle fed it is crucial to your baby’s physical and mental wellbeing to respond to feeding cues promptly. Baby’s signals to feed may not coincide with the time the mother expected the baby would need to feed. Babies can’t read clocks – they respond to their physical sensations and clearly demonstrate their needs. Babies have small stomachs and efficient digestive systems, and they are in a continuous state of growth and development. They need to be fed frequently day and night to effectively sustain their rapidly changing bodies and brains. Unfortunately some parents do not realise how important this really is, and coax baby to wait a particular timeframe between feeds by using a dummy or other methods of delaying feeds. This is stressful for baby and detrimental to his health, and inevitably leads to other problems for baby.  Breastfeeds are likely to occur in several phases or installments to achieve ‘satiety’ – baby feeling satisfied. When a mother’s milk first ‘comes in’ baby may be full and satisfied in one session or phase at the breast as his stomach capacity has to stretch to accommodate the bigger volume of milk taken during the feed. Over the next day or so this will gradually change and baby will begin to seek a second session or phase of each feed, and sometimes, perhaps, a third! Typically, baby will start the feed enthusiastically gulping down the fast-flowing milk from the full breast. This first phase of the feed may be completed in quite a short time, maybe 5-10 minutes. Baby will appear fully satisfied and will often drop off to sleep. The milk baby has taken during this first phase of the feed is likely to be ‘foremilk’ which is full of wonderful nutrients but has very little fat content. Baby will sleep a short time – maybe up to 30 minutes, and then stir. He has partially digested the foremilk and now “cues” to complete the breastfeed. It is advisable to return the baby to the same breast he fed from first, and the milk he takes in the second phase of the feed is likely to be milk which is higher in fat – called ‘hindmilk’. This fattier milk will be digested more slowly than the foremilk and help keep baby satisfied until he is ready for the next breastfeed. He may even repeat this a third or fourth time at some feeds. So the message is: Return baby to the starting breast at least once, before offering the second breast. Baby will let you know when he has had enough – he will simply “self-release” from the breast and relax. (“Excerpt from New Baby 101 – A Midwife’s Guide for New Parents” by Lois Wattis)